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Out of the four stable halogens, only fluorine and chlorine have reduction potentials higher than that of oxygen, allowing them to form hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid directly through reaction with water. [17] The reaction of fluorine with water is especially hazardous, as an addition of fluorine gas to cold water will produce ...
Unreactive substances like powdered steel, glass fragments, and asbestos fibers react quickly with cold fluorine gas; wood and water spontaneously combust under a fluorine jet. [5] [23] Reactions of elemental fluorine with metals require varying conditions.
Reactions with elemental fluorine are often sudden or explosive. Many substances that are generally regarded as unreactive, such as powdered steel, glass fragments, and asbestos fibers, are readily consumed by cold fluorine gas. Wood and even water burn with flames when subjected to a jet of fluorine, without the need for a spark. [12] [13]
Fluorine, in the form of fluoride, is considered to be a micronutrient for human health, necessary to prevent dental cavities, and to promote healthy bone growth. [28] The tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) is a known accumulator of fluorine compounds, released upon forming infusions such as the common beverage. The fluorine compounds decompose ...
Hydrogen fluoride is typically produced by the reaction between sulfuric acid and pure grades of the mineral fluorite: [14] CaF 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HF + CaSO 4 About 20% of manufactured HF is a byproduct of fertilizer production, which generates hexafluorosilicic acid .
The reaction of F 2 with organic compounds is, however, highly exothermic and can lead to non-selective fluorinations and C–C cleavage, as well as explosions. [6] Only a few selective radical fluorination methods have been reported. [7] [8] The use of fluorine for radical fluorination is mainly limited to perfluorination reactions. [5]
Oxygen difluoride reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid: OF 2 + H 2 O → 2 HF + O 2. It can oxidize sulphur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and elemental fluorine: OF 2 + SO 2 → SO 3 + F 2. However, in the presence of UV radiation, the products are sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2 F 2) and pyrosulfuryl fluoride (S 2 O 5 F 2): OF 2 + 2 SO 2 → S 2 O ...
Lithium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiF. It is a colorless solid that transitions to white with decreasing crystal size. Its structure is analogous to that of sodium chloride, but it is much less soluble in water.