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The Toyota 4Runner is an SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota and marketed globally since 1984, across six generations. In Japan, it was marketed as the Toyota Hilux Surf ( Japanese : トヨタ・ハイラックスサーフ , Hepburn : Toyota Hairakkususāfu ) and was withdrawn from the market in 2009.
OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool.. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections.
The term NO x represents several forms of nitrogen oxides such as NO (nitric oxide), NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) and N 2 O (nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas).In a gasoline engine, NO is the most common form of NO x at around 93%, while NO 2 is around 5% and the rest is N 2 O.
In computational physics, the term advection scheme refers to a class of numerical discretization methods for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations.In the so-called upwind schemes typically, the so-called upstream variables are used to calculate the derivatives in a flow field.
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The hot film MAF sensor works somewhat similar to the hot wire MAF sensor, but instead it usually outputs a frequency signal. This sensor uses a hot film-grid instead of a hot wire. [3] It is commonly found in late 1980s and early 1990s fuel-injected vehicles. The output frequency is directly proportional to the air mass entering the engine.
The oxygen sensor is the basis of the closed-loop control system on a spark-ignited rich-burn engine; however, it is also used for diagnostics. In vehicles with OBD II, a second oxygen sensor is fitted after the catalytic converter to monitor the O 2 levels. The O 2 levels are monitored to see the efficiency of the burn process. The on-board ...