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The Romani people in Portugal, known in spoken Portuguese as ciganos (Portuguese pronunciation: [siˈɣɐnuʃ]), but also alternatively known as calés, calós, and boémios, are a minority ethnic group. The exact numbers of Romani people in the country are unknown—estimates vary from 40,000 to 60,000. [1] [2]
The Romani people in Brazil (Portuguese: Ciganos no Brasil) are known by non-Romani Brazilians as ciganos (Portuguese: [siˈɡɐ̃nus-ˈnuʃ]), or alternatively by terms such as boêmios, judeus (in Minas Gerais) and quicos (in Minas Gerais and São Paulo), in various degrees of accuracy of use and etymology as well as linguistic prestige.
Cigano (plural ciganos), a Portuguese name for the Romani people, may refer to: Romani people in Portugal; Romani people in Brazil; Junior dos Santos (born 1984), nicknamed "Cigano", a Brazilian mixed martial artist; Cigano, a 2013 Portuguese film
The Romani in Spain, generally known by the endonym Calé, [6] or the exonym gitanos (Spanish pronunciation:), belong to the Iberian Romani subgroup known as Calé, with smaller populations in Portugal (known as ciganos) and in Southern France (known as tsiganes).
Most of the Ciganos of Portugal, the Gitanos of Spain, the Romanichal of Great Britain, and Scandinavian Travellers have lost their knowledge of pure Romani, and speak the mixed languages Caló, [308] Angloromany, and Scandoromani, respectively. Most of the Romani language-speaking communities in these regions consist of later immigrants from ...
Sinti people in Rhine Province, Germany, 1935. The Sinti (also Sinta or Sinte; masc. sing. Sinto; fem. sing. Sintesa) are a subgroup of Romani people.They are found mostly in Germany, France and Italy and Central Europe, numbering some 200,000 people.
The Ciganos were the object of fierce discrimination and persecution. [6] The number of Ciganos in Portugal is about 40,000 to 50,000 spread all over the country. [7] The majority of the Ciganos concentrate themselves in urban centers, where from the late 1990s to the 2000s, major public housing (bairros sociais) policies were targeted at them in order to promote social integration.
A traditional Kalderash Roma metalsmith from Hungary in 1892. The name Kalderash (kalderash in Romani, căldărari in Romanian, kalderás in Hungarian, калдараш (kaldarash) in Bulgarian, kalderaš in Serbo-Croatian, 'котляри (Kotlyary) in Ukrainian, and кэлдэрары (kelderary) in Russian) is an occupational ethnonym which descends ultimately from the Romanian word ...