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A school identification number in Bali, written with Balinese numerals above and Arabic numerals below. The numerals 1–10 have basic, combining, and independent forms, many of which are formed through reduplication. The combining forms are used to form higher numbers.
The integers consist of 0, the natural numbers (1, 2, 3, ...), and their negatives (−1, −2, −3, ...). The set of all integers is usually denoted by Z (or Z in blackboard bold, ), which stands for Zahlen (German for "numbers"). Articles about integers are automatically sorted in numerical order.
The word integer comes from the Latin integer meaning "whole" or (literally) "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch"). "Entire" derives from the same origin via the French word entier, which means both entire and integer. [9] Historically the term was used for a number that was a multiple of 1, [10] [11] or to the whole part of a ...
Prime number: A positive integer with exactly two positive divisors: itself and 1. The primes form an infinite sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ... Composite number: A positive integer that can be factored into a product of smaller positive integers. Every integer greater than one is either prime or composite.
2. Denotes that a number is positive and is read as plus. Redundant, but sometimes used for emphasizing that a number is positive, specially when other numbers in the context are or may be negative; for example, +2. 3. Sometimes used instead of for a disjoint union of sets. − 1.
The smallest integer m > 1 such that p n # + m is a prime number, where the primorial p n # is the product of the first n prime numbers. A005235: Semiperfect numbers:
The predecessor of a natural number (excluding zero) is the previous natural number and is the result of subtracting one from that number. For example, the successor of zero is one, and the predecessor of eleven is ten ( 0 + 1 = 1 {\displaystyle 0+1=1} and 11 − 1 = 10 {\displaystyle 11-1=10} ).
The history of discrete mathematics has involved a number of challenging problems which have focused attention within areas of the field. In graph theory, much research was motivated by attempts to prove the four color theorem , first stated in 1852, but not proved until 1976 (by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken, using substantial computer ...