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In 1972, activist Jack Baker filed a lawsuit against the Hennepin County District Court Clerk Gerald R. Nelson, after being denied a marriage license to his partner Michael McConnell. The case resulted in the Minnesota Supreme Court ruling that Minnesota law limited marriage to opposite-sex couples and doing so did not violate the State ...
On 18 May 1970, activists James Michael McConnell, librarian, [8] and Richard John Baker, law student on the Minneapolis campus [9] of the University of Minnesota, [10] applied for a marriage license in Minneapolis. Gerald Nelson, Clerk of District Court in Hennepin County, denied the request on the sole ground that the two were of the same sex ...
The first legally-recognized same-sex marriage occurred in Minneapolis, [3] Minnesota, in 1971. [4] On June 26, 2015, in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court overturned Baker v. Nelson and ruled that marriage is a fundamental right guaranteed to all citizens, and thus legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.
Because the license was never revoked, [8] [9] their wedding became the earliest same-sex marriage ever to be recorded in the public files of any civil government. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Responding to the state Supreme Court ruling, at the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) State Convention in June 1972, delegates voted to add a plank to ...
Nelson that the refusal by the clerk in Hennepin County to issue a marriage license to Jack Baker and Michael McConnell in 1970 did not violate the U.S. Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court accepts their appeal but dismisses the action in 1972. [22] [23] Neither decision invalidates the license issued in Blue Earth County. [24]
The couple obtained a valid marriage license before the rejection in Hennepin County was appealed to and accepted [a] by the U.S. Supreme Court. Though that case ended in 1972, "for want of a substantial federal question", [75] other challenges followed as they pursued affirmation of their union while living openly as a married couple. [74]