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The simplest atomic orbitals are those that are calculated for systems with a single electron, such as the hydrogen atom. An atom of any other element ionized down to a single electron (He +, Li 2+, etc.) is very similar to hydrogen, and the orbitals take the same form.
The simple MO diagram of H 2 O is shown on the right. [2] [3] Following simple symmetry treatments, the 1s orbitals of hydrogen atom are premixed as a 1 and b 1. Orbitals of same symmetry and similar energy levels can then be mixed to form a new set of molecular orbitals with bonding, nonbonding, and antibonding characteristics. In the simple ...
Added orbital diagrams for molecular orbitals. 16:49, 21 May 2015: 2,020 × 1,070 (138 KB) Officer781: 2pz MO in wrong orientation relative to the other orbitals per the LCAO notation. 16:40, 21 May 2015: 2,020 × 1,070 (138 KB) Officer781: Moved 2s orbital higher in energy as that MO has more hydrogen admixture.
For a diatomic molecule, an MO diagram effectively shows the energetics of the bond between the two atoms, whose AO unbonded energies are shown on the sides. For simple polyatomic molecules with a "central atom" such as methane (CH 4) or carbon dioxide (CO 2), a MO diagram may show one of the identical bonds to the central atom. For other ...
This shape is found when there are four bonds all on one central atom, with no extra unshared electron pairs. In accordance with the VSEPR (valence-shell electron pair repulsion theory), the bond angles between the electron bonds are arccos(− 1 / 3 ) = 109.47°. For example, methane (CH 4) is a tetrahedral molecule.
An illustration of the helium atom, depicting the nucleus (pink) and the electron cloud distribution (black). The nucleus (upper right) in helium-4 is in reality spherically symmetric and closely resembles the electron cloud, although for more complicated nuclei this is not always the case. The black bar is one angstrom (10 −10 m or 100 pm).
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In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1] For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 , meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by two, two, and six ...