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Polycythemia is theorized to increased performance in endurance sports due to the blood being able to store more oxygen. [ citation needed ] This idea has led to the illegal use of blood doping and transfusions among professional athletes, as well as use of altitude training or elevation training masks to simulate a low-oxygen environment.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 December 2024. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here ...
High hemoglobin levels may also be caused by exposure to high altitudes, smoking, dehydration (artificially by concentrating Hb), advanced lung disease and certain tumors. [53] A recent study done in Pondicherry, India, shows its importance in coronary artery disease. [91]
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:
More hemoglobin is present in polycythemia, and so is elevated. In anemia , the opposite is true. In environments with high levels of CO in the inhaled air (such as smoking ), a fraction of the blood's hemoglobin is rendered ineffective by its tight binding to CO, and so is analogous to anemia.
Similarly, the elevated levels in smokers has been suggested to be a basis for the smoker's paradox. [4] Prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide and elevated carboxyhemoglobin, such as in smoking, results in erythremia. [4] Furthermore, humans can acclimate to toxic levels of carbon monoxide based on findings reported by Esther Killick. [4]
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Macrocytosis is a condition where red blood cells are larger than normal. [1] These enlarged cells, also known as macrocytes, are defined by a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) that exceeds the upper reference range established by the laboratory and hematology analyzer (usually >110 fL). [2]