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  2. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    Inverse proportionality with product x y = 1 . Two variables are inversely proportional (also called varying inversely, in inverse variation, in inverse proportion) [2] if each of the variables is directly proportional to the multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of the other, or equivalently if their product is a constant. [3]

  3. Inverse-square law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law

    The divergence of a vector field which is the resultant of radial inverse-square law fields with respect to one or more sources is proportional to the strength of the local sources, and hence zero outside sources. Newton's law of universal gravitation follows an inverse-square law, as do the effects of electric, light, sound, and radiation ...

  4. Inverse-variance weighting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-variance_weighting

    For normally distributed random variables inverse-variance weighted averages can also be derived as the maximum likelihood estimate for the true value. Furthermore, from a Bayesian perspective the posterior distribution for the true value given normally distributed observations and a flat prior is a normal distribution with the inverse-variance weighted average as a mean and variance ().

  5. Multiplicative inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_inverse

    For every x except 0, y represents its multiplicative inverse. The graph forms a rectangular hyperbola. In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x −1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1. The multiplicative inverse of a fraction a/b is b/a. For the ...

  6. Boyle's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle's_law

    For a fixed mass of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. [2] Boyle's law is a gas law, stating that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, then pressure decreases and vice versa, when the temperature is held constant.

  7. Proportional reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_reasoning

    For example, consider the following problem: ... If the answer is ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ then this might be a constant product relation (that is, an inverse proportion).

  8. Inverse function rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_function_rule

    In calculus, the inverse function rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the inverse of a bijective and differentiable function f in terms of the derivative of f. More precisely, if the inverse of f {\displaystyle f} is denoted as f − 1 {\displaystyle f^{-1}} , where f − 1 ( y ) = x {\displaystyle f^{-1}(y)=x} if and only if f ...

  9. Inverse probability weighting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_probability_weighting

    Inverse probability weighting is a statistical technique for estimating quantities related to a population other than the one from which the data was collected. Study designs with a disparate sampling population and population of target inference (target population) are common in application. [ 1 ]