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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century.
By the end of 1350 the Black Death had subsided, but it never really died out in England over the next few hundred years: there were further outbreaks in 1361–62, 1369, 1379–83, 1389–93, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. [30]
The Black Death was present in Italy between 1347–1348. [1] Sicily and the Italian Peninsula was the first area in then Catholic Western Europe to be reached by the bubonic plague pandemic known as the Black Death, which reached the region by an Italian ship from the Crimea which landed in Messina in Sicily in October 1347. [1]
The Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death of 1347–1351 potentially reduced the European population by half or more as the Medieval Warm Period came to a close and the first century of the Little Ice Age began.
Figures for the death toll vary widely by area and from source to source, and estimates are frequently revised as historical research brings new discoveries to light. Most scholars estimate that the Black Death killed up to 75 million people [5] in the 14th century, at a time when the entire world population was still less than 500 million.
One of the worst plagues in history, the Black Death arrived on the shores of Europe in 1347. Five years later, around 25 to 50 million people were dead across the continent.
Black Death (start of the second plague pandemic) 1346–1353 Eurasia and North Africa: Bubonic plague: 75–200 million (30–60% of European population and 33% percent of the Middle Eastern population) [49] Sweating sickness (multiple outbreaks) 1485–1551 Britain (England) and later continental Europe Unknown, possibly an unknown species of ...