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Both peer group pressure and control were positively related to risky behaviors. However, adolescents who were more committed to a personal identity had lower rates of risk behaviors. Overall, this study shows us that adolescent identity development may help prevent negative effects of peer pressure in high-risk adolescents. [46]
Crowds serve an essential purpose in adolescent identity development, shaping individual values, behavior, and personal and peer expectations."[One's group] is often tantamount to one's own provisional identity;" [9] the individual defines herself by the crowd she sees herself fitting into.
Adolescents spend far less time with their parents and begin participating in both structured and unstructured peer activities. [3]: p.151 Without the direct presence of their parents or other adults, their peer network begins to become the primary context for most socialization and activity. There was an explanation given by B. Bradford Brown ...
Adolescence is a time in which peer relationships become increasingly important and frequent. In this period, adolescents reliably spend approximately twice as much time with their peers than with their parents. [28] At the same time, there is a developmental shift occurring in the quality and nature of friendships in this period. [29]
The importance of peer relations in an adolescent's normal psychosocial development has been well-researched. The impact of peers is hardly surprising, given that high school students spend the majority of their days with peers rather than with adults, both during and outside of class. [1]
The relationships adolescents have with their peers, family, and members of their social sphere play a vital role in the social development of an adolescent. As an adolescent's social sphere develops rapidly as they distinguish the differences between friends and acquaintances, they often become heavily emotionally invested in friends. [134]
Prinstein is an editor of Understanding Peer Influence in Children and Adolescence, [21] Future Work in Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: A Research Agenda, [22] an undergraduate textbook on clinical psychology, [9] an encyclopedia series, Encyclopedia of Adolescence. [8]
[7] [8] However, quite frequently adolescents take part in peer relationships that are harmful for their psychological development. Adolescents tend to form various cliques and belong to different crowds based on their activity interests, music and clothing preferences, as well as their cultural or ethnic background. [9]