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This is a list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial databases for purposes of geospatial analysis and cartographic mapping. This list categorizes the sources of interest.
Shapefiles : are a data exchange format created by ESRI and one of the most widely used GIS/geodata formats. One "shapefile" usually include four different files : .shp, .shx, .dbf, .prj . First three files must all be present in order to use the data.
GIS data acquisition includes several methods for gathering spatial data into a GIS database, which can be grouped into three categories: primary data capture, the direct measurement phenomena in the field (e.g., remote sensing, the global positioning system); secondary data capture, the extraction of information from existing sources that are ...
Geographic information system; Transport network analysis; ... List of GIS data sources; List of spatial analysis software; Local Land and Property Gazetteer;
The origin of the geodatabase was in the mid-1990s during the emergence of the first spatial databases.One early approach to integrating relational databases and GIS was the use of server middleware, a third-party program that stores the spatial data in database tables in a custom format, and translates it dynamically into a logical model that can be understood by the client software.
Georelational data model; Geospatial analysis; Geospatial content management system; Geospatial metadata; Geospatial topology; Geotagged photograph; Geoweb; Global Human Settlement Layer; Global Map; Ground control point
The scale of the Web can sometimes make finding quality and reliable data a challenge for GIS professionals and end users, with a significant amount of low-quality, poorly organized, or poorly sourced material available for public consumption. [13] [14] This can make finding spatial data a time consuming activity for GIS users. [13]
Geoportals also form a key component of commercial cloud-based GIS platforms, providing a library of geographic data that users can employ with online GIS tools or desktop GIS software. Google Earth Engine is a cloud-based image processing platform that includes a portal to several petabytes of satellite imagery.