Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Hemolytic causes associated with bilirubin overproduction are diverse and include disorders such as sickle cell anemia, [2] hereditary spherocytosis, [3] thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, [4] autoimmune hemolytic anemia, [5] hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity, [6] thalassemia minor, [7] and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. [8]
It is formed in the intestines by the bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase. [1] About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney. Increased amounts of bilirubin are formed in hemolysis, which generates
Bilirubin in plasma is mostly produced by the destruction of erythrocytes. Heme is metabolized into biliverdin (via heme oxygenase) and then into bilirubin (via biliverdin reductase) inside the macrophages. [11] Bilirubin is then released into the plasma and transported to the liver bound by albumin, since it is insoluble in water in this state ...
Hemolytic anemia affects nonhuman species as well as humans. It has been found, in a number of animal species, to result from specific triggers. [51] Some notable cases include hemolytic anemia found in black rhinos kept in captivity, with the disease, in one instance, affecting 20% of captive rhinos at a specific facility.
Intravascular hemolysis describes hemolysis that happens mainly inside the vasculature. [1] As a result, the contents of the red blood cell are released into the general circulation, leading to hemoglobinemia [ 2 ] and increasing the risk of ensuing hyperbilirubinemia .
Mechanism of competitive inhibition. Certain drugs share the same plasma protein, bilirubin, for transportation in the bloodstream. When drug concentration is high, they may outcompete bilirubin for binding. Bilirubin is displaced out so serum unconjugated bilirubin levels rise, resulting in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Macrophages break down senescent erythrocytes and break the heme down into biliverdin along with hemosiderin, in which biliverdin normally rapidly reduces to free bilirubin. [1] [3] Biliverdin is seen briefly in some bruises as a green color. In bruises, its breakdown into bilirubin leads to a yellowish color. [2]
Pathological jaundice in newborns should be suspected when the serum bilirubin level rises by more than 5 mg/dL per day, serum bilirubin more than the physiological range, clinical jaundice more than 2 weeks, and conjugated bilirubin (dark urine staining clothes). Haemolytic jaundice is the commonest cause of pathological jaundice.