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An arrangement of D flip-flops is a classic method for integer-n division. Such division is frequency and phase coherent to the source over environmental variations, including temperature. The easiest configuration is a series where each D flip-flop is a divide-by-2. For a series of three of these, such a system would be a divide-by-8.
An asynchronous (ripple) counter is a "chain" of toggle (T) flip-flops in which the least-significant flip-flop (bit 0) is clocked by an external signal (the counter input clock), and all other flip-flops are clocked by the output of the nearest, less significant flip-flop (e.g., bit 0 clocks the bit 1 flip-flop, bit 1 clocks the bit 2 flip ...
When cascading flip-flops which share the same clock (as in a shift register), it is important to ensure that the t CO of a preceding flip-flop is longer than the hold time (t h) of the following flip-flop, so data present at the input of the succeeding flip-flop is properly "shifted in" following the active edge of the clock.
The output of a flip-flop is constant until a pulse is applied to its "clock" input, upon which the input of the flip-flop is latched into its output. In a synchronous logic circuit, an electronic oscillator called the clock generates a string (sequence) of pulses, the "clock signal".
2 dual J-K flip-flop, asynchronous clear 14 SN54LS73A: 74x74 2 dual D positive edge triggered flip-flop, asynchronous preset and clear 14 SN74LS74A: 74x75 1 4-bit bistable latch, complementary outputs 16 SN74LS75: 74x76 2 dual J-K flip-flop, asynchronous preset and clear 16 SN74LS76A: 74x77 1 4-bit bistable latch 14 SN54LS77: 74H78 2
The output of each flip-flop only changes when triggered by the clock pulse, so changes to the logic signals throughout the circuit all begin at the same time, at regular intervals, synchronized by the clock. The output of all the storage elements (flip-flops) in the circuit at any given time, the binary data they contain, is called the state ...
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In digital computing, the Muller C-element (C-gate, hysteresis flip-flop, coincident flip-flop, or two-hand safety circuit) is a small binary logic circuit widely used in design of asynchronous circuits and systems. It outputs 0 when all inputs are 0, it outputs 1 when all inputs are 1, and it retains its output state otherwise.