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In Batesian mimicry, the mimic resembles the model, but does not have the attribute that makes it unprofitable to predators (e.g., unpalatability, or the ability to sting). In other words, a Batesian mimic is a sheep in wolf's clothing. Mimics are less likely to be found out (for example by predators) when in low proportion to their model.
One of the early examples of biomimicry was the study of birds to enable human flight.Although never successful in creating a "flying machine", Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was a keen observer of the anatomy and flight of birds, and made numerous notes and sketches on his observations as well as sketches of "flying machines". [8]
Batesian mimicry is a case of protective or defensive mimicry, where the mimic does best by avoiding confrontations with the signal receiver. It is a disjunct system, which means that all three parties are from different species. [11]
Aggressive mimicry stands in semantic contrast with defensive mimicry, where it is the prey that acts as a mimic, with predators being duped. Defensive mimicry includes the well-known Batesian and Müllerian forms of mimicry, where the mimic shares outward characteristics with an aposematic or harmful model. In Batesian mimicry, the mimic is ...
Vavilovian mimicry (also known as crop mimicry or weed mimicry [31]) is named after the Russian plant geneticist who identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants, Nikolai Vavilov. [8] It is a form of mimicry in plants where a weed comes to share one or more characteristics with a domesticated plant through generations of unintentional ...
Ant mimicry has existed almost as long as ants themselves; the earliest ant mimics in the fossil record appear in the mid-Cretaceous alongside the earliest ants. In myrmecophily , mimic and model live commensally together; in the case of ants, the mimic is an inquiline in the ants' nest.
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The mechanism, analogous to Batesian mimicry, is found in insects such as the monarch butterfly. In another form, first noted by Edward B. Poulton in 1890, a less vulnerable part of an animal's body resembles a more vulnerable part, for example with deceptive eyespots or a false head that deflects attacks away from the real head, providing an ...