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Hranice Abyss. Hranice Abyss (Czech: Hranická propast) is the deepest flooded pit cave in the world. It is a karst sinkhole near the town of Hranice, Czech Republic.The greatest confirmed depth is 519.5 m (1,704 ft), of which 450 m (1,476 ft) is underwater.
The Xiaozhai Tiankeng has been well known to local people since ancient times. Xiaozhai is the name of an abandoned village nearby and literally means "little village", and "Tiankeng" means Heavenly Pit, a unique regional name for sinkholes in China. A 2,800-step staircase has been constructed in order to facilitate tourism. [2]
The mine is the largest human-made excavation, and deepest open-pit mine in the world, [4] [5] which is considered to have produced more copper than any other mine in history – more than 19,000,000 short tons (17,000,000 long tons; 17,000,000 t). [5] The mine is owned by Rio Tinto Group, a British-Australian multinational corporation.
Udachnaya was discovered on 15 June 1955, just two days after the discovery of the diamond pipe Mir by Soviet geologist Vladimir Shchukin and his team. [4] It is about 640 metres (2,100 ft) deep, making it the third deepest open-pit mine in the world (after Bingham Canyon Mine and Chuquicamata).
The mine is more than 525 meters (1,722 ft) deep (4th in the world), has a diameter of 1,200 m (3,900 ft), [1] and is one of the largest excavated holes in the world. Open-pit mining began in 1957 and was discontinued in 2001.
This list of deepest mines includes operational and non-operational mines that are at least 2,224 m (7,297 ft), which is the depth of Krubera Cave, the deepest known natural cave in the world. The depth measurements in this list represent the difference in elevation from the entrance of the mine to the deepest excavated point.
The Big Hole – a former diamond mine in Kimberley, dug to 240 m (790 ft) between 1871 and 1914, making it the deepest hand-excavated pit in the world. Now a museum. The Jagersfontein Mine – operating between 1888 and 1971. This was hand-excavated to 201 m (660 ft) by 1911, and the hand-dug pit was sightly larger than the Big Hole.
The Kimberley Mine or Tim Kuilmine [1] (Afrikaans: Groot Gat) is an open-pit and underground mine in Kimberley, South Africa, and claimed to be the deepest hole excavated by hand, although this claim is disputed by Jagersfontein. [2]