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Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates. [6][7][3] Human malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. [1][8] In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. [1][9] Symptoms usually begin 10 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito ...
The mainstay of malaria diagnosis has been the microscopic examination of blood, utilizing blood films. [1] Although blood is the sample most frequently used to make a diagnosis, both saliva and urine have been investigated as alternative, less invasive specimens. [2] More recently, modern techniques utilizing antigen tests or polymerase chain ...
Haemosporidium vigesimotertianae Lewkowicz, 1897. Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. [2] The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria.
Plasmodium rodhaini Brumpt, 1939. Plasmodium malariae is a parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. It is one of several species of Plasmodium parasites that infect other organisms as pathogens, also including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, responsible for most malarial infection.
Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen.This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria. [2] Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites, P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death, often due to splenomegaly (a pathologically enlarged spleen).
It accounts for 80% of malaria deaths. Therefore, mutations that protect against malaria infection and lethality pose a significant advantage. [citation needed] Malaria has placed the strongest known selective pressure on the human genome since the origin of agriculture within the past 10,000 years.
Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) or placental malaria is a presentation of the common illness that is particularly life-threatening to both mother and developing fetus. [1] PAM is caused primarily by infection with Plasmodium falciparum, [1][2] the most dangerous of the four species of malaria-causing parasites that infect humans. [3]
Malaria prophylaxis. Malaria prophylaxis is the preventive treatment of malaria. Several malaria vaccines are under development. For pregnant women who are living in malaria endemic areas, routine malaria chemoprevention is recommended. It improves anemia and parasite level in the blood for the pregnant women and the birthweight in their infants.