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Climate models can be global or regional. Global models cover the whole Earth. They usually have “resolutions” of hundreds of kilometers, meaning they can only show climate trends on a very large scale: for instance, they can model temperature changes in New England, but not in Rhode Island.
A GCM (General Circulation Model) is a numerical model that simulates the global climate system response to greenhouse gas concentrations. Learn about the features, limitations and uncertainties of GCMs and how they are used for impact analysis.
Learn about the climate modeling program at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), which develops coupled atmosphere-ocean models for simulating Earth's climate system. Find out the latest publications, references, and applications of GISS global climate models in IPCC reports and other projects.
Global climate model results from groups around the world project that global temperature will continue to increase. They also show that human decisions and behavior we choose today will determine how dramatically climate will change in the future.
Climate models ― also called General Circulation Models, Global Climate Models, or GCMs ― are more complex than a model of evaporation, but they follow the same general idea. These models use many different factors such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, heat, and the Earth’s rotation as inputs.
This chapter assesses the capacity of the global climate models used elsewhere in this report for projecting future climate change. Con fi dence in model estimates of future climate evolution has been enhanced via a range of advances since the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR). Climate models are based on well-established physical
The Community Earth System Model is a fully coupled global climate model developed in collaboration with colleagues in the research community. CESM provides state of the art computer simulations of Earth's past, present, and future climate states. Learn More.
When creating climate models, scientists use one of three common types of simple climate models: energy balance models, intermediate complexity models, and general circulation models.
A global climate model (GCM) is a complex mathematical representation of the major climate system components (atmosphere, land surface, ocean, and sea ice), and their interactions. Earth’s energy balance between the four components is the key to long-term climate prediction.
A new evaluation of global climate models used to project Earth's future global average surface temperature finds that most have been quite accurate.