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Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection. [4] Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be ...
Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute infection, or as one of the sequelae of a latent infection. The majority of viral cases of encephalitis have an unknown cause; however, the most common identifiable cause of viral encephalitis is from herpes simplex infection. [ 12 ]
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
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The most common long-term complication of viral encephalitis is seizures that may occur in 10% to 20% of patients over several decades. These seizures are resistant to medical therapy. However, individuals who have unilateral mesial temporal lobe seizures after viral encephalitis have good results following neurosurgery.
In 93% of cases a viral illness had occurred in the preceding three-week period. For the period 1991–1994, the annual rate of hospitalization due to Reye syndrome in the United States was estimated to be between < 0.3 – 1 per million population less than 18 years of age. [21]
It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year, [1] and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5.9 cases per 100,000 live births. [2] About 90% of cases of herpes encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the same virus that causes cold sores.
The case-fatality rate of untreated encephalitis syndrome is 56–75%, [5] but early treatment of raised intracranial pressure reduces fatality rate. Of 27 children surviving encephalitis syndrome 24 completely recovered within 3 months, only two developed late onset refractory epilepsy and four continued to have hemiplegia after 8 months.