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Prefix: aniso-from the Greek language (meaning unequal), which in turn comes from an: meaning not and iso meaning equal; Root: cor, from the Greek word korē meaning pupil of the eye; Suffix: -ia, which is a Latin suffix meaning a disease or a pathological or abnormal condition; Thus, anisocoria means the condition of unequal pupils.
Dilation and constriction of the pupil Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, [ 1 ] via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response ( miosis ), [ 2 ] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates / opioids or ...
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, [3] or sometimes a physiological pupillary response. [4] Non-physiological causes of mydriasis include disease, trauma, or the use of certain types of drugs. It may also be of unknown cause.
Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves .
The main characteristic that distinguishes physiological anisocoria is an increase of pupil size with lower light or reduced illumination, such that the pupils differ in size between the two eyes. At any given eye examination, up to 41% of healthy patients can show an anisocoria of 0.4 mm or more at one time or another.
When cycloplegic drugs are used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupil, the pupil in the normal eye regains its function when the drugs are metabolized or carried away. Some cycloplegic drugs can cause dilation of the pupil for several days.
Cancer Medications. Hair loss is a well-known side effect of many chemotherapy drugs used to treat certain forms of cancer. Similar to other toxins that cause hair loss, hair loss from cancer ...
In cases of true polycoria, there is an extra pupil that tends to be reactive to light and medication. [5] To be considered true polycoria the extra pupil and the principal pupil must dilate and contract simultaneously with triggers such as light and administered drugs. [6] The extraneous pupil is c. 2.5mm away from the principal pupil.