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Loudness, a subjective measure, is often confused with physical measures of sound strength such as sound pressure, sound pressure level (in decibels), sound intensity or sound power. Weighting filters such as A-weighting and LKFS attempt to compensate measurements to correspond to loudness as perceived by the typical human.
Loudness: Distant sound sources have a lower loudness than close ones. This aspect can be evaluated especially for well-known sound sources. Sound spectrum: High frequencies are more quickly damped by the air than low frequencies. Therefore, a distant sound source sounds more muffled than a close one, because the high frequencies are attenuated.
Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area, also called the sound power density and the sound energy flux density. [2] The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m 2).
The frequency of a sound is defined as the number of repetitions of its waveform per second, and is measured in hertz; frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength (in a medium of uniform propagation velocity, such as sound in air). The wavelength of a sound is the distance between any two consecutive matching points on the waveform.
This identity is based on information gained from frequency transients, noisiness, unsteadiness, perceived pitch and the spread and intensity of overtones in the sound over an extended time frame. [10] [11] [12] The way a sound changes over time provides most of the information for timbre identification. Even though a small section of the wave ...
In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity.It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate α given by = where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, ω is the sound's angular frequency, ρ is the fluid ...
Audiogram. An audiogram is a graph that shows the audible threshold for standardized frequencies as measured by an audiometer.The Y axis represents intensity measured in decibels (dB) and the X axis represents frequency measured in hertz (Hz). [1]
A sound with a loudness of 1 sone is judged equally loud as a 1 kHz tone with a sound pressure level of 40 decibels above 20 micropascals. [1] The phon is psychophysically matched to a reference frequency of 1 kHz. [2] In other words, the phon matches the sound pressure level in decibels of a similarly perceived 1 kHz pure tone. [3]