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An XSS worm, sometimes referred to as a cross site scripting virus, [1] is a malicious (or sometimes non-malicious) payload, usually written in JavaScript, that breaches browser security to propagate among visitors of a website in the attempt to progressively infect other visitors. [2]
An example of a DOM-based XSS vulnerability is the bug found in 2011 in a number of jQuery plugins. [16] Prevention strategies for DOM-based XSS attacks include very similar measures to traditional XSS prevention strategies but implemented in JavaScript code and contained in web pages (i.e. input validation and escaping). [17]
Cache-timing attacks rely on the ability to infer hits and misses in shared caches on the web platform. [54] One of the first instances of a cache-timing attack involved the making of a cross-origin request to a page and then probing for the existence of the resources loaded by the request in the shared HTTP and the DNS cache.
Samy (also known as JS.Spacehero) is a cross-site scripting worm that was designed to propagate across the social networking site MySpace by Samy Kamkar.Within just 20 hours [1] of its October 4, 2005 release, over one million users had run the payload [2] making Samy the fastest-spreading virus of all time.
When browser vendors stopped this by preventing easily running JavaScript from the address bar, [4] [5] attackers started using Self-XSS in its current form. Web browser vendors and web sites have taken steps to mitigate this attack. Firefox [6] and Google Chrome [7] have both begun implementing safeguards to warn users about Self-XSS attacks ...
Additionally, while typically described as a static type of attack, CSRF can also be dynamically constructed as part of a payload for a cross-site scripting attack, as demonstrated by the Samy worm, or constructed on the fly from session information leaked via offsite content and sent to a target as a malicious URL.
In double encoding attacks against security filters, characters of the payload that are treated as illegal by those filters are replaced with their double-encoded form. Double URI-encoding is a special type of double encoding in which data is URI-encoded twice in a row.
XSS refers to an injection flaw whereby user input to a web script or something along such lines is placed into the output HTML without being checked for HTML code or scripting. Many of these problems are related to erroneous assumptions of what input data is possible or the effects of special data.