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Mallory–Weiss syndrome is a condition where high intra-abdominal pressures causes laceration and bleeding of the mucosa called Mallory-Weiss tears. [1] Additionally, Mallory–Weiss syndrome is one of the most common causes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding , counting of around 1-15% of all cases in adults and less than 5% in children.
Symptoms: Nausea: Complications: Aspiration, electrolyte and water loss, damage to the enamel of the teeth, tear of the esophageal mucosa ... (Mallory–Weiss tear ...
Hematemesis, in contrast to coffee ground vomitus, suggests that upper gastrointestinal bleeding is more acute or more severe, for example due to a Mallory–Weiss tear, gastric ulcer or Dieulafoy's lesion, or esophageal varices. This condition may be a medical emergency and urgent care may be required. [4] [5] [1]
Mallory–Weiss syndrome: bleeding tears in the esophagal mucosa, usually caused by prolonged and vigorous retching. [4] Vomiting of ingested blood after bleeding in the mouth, nose, or throat. [4] Tumors of the stomach or esophagus. [4] Irritation or erosion of the lining of the esophagus or stomach. Radiation poisoning. Viral hemorrhagic fevers.
[3] [4] A related condition is Mallory-Weiss syndrome which is only a mucosal tear. A common site of iatrogenic perforation is the cervical esophagus just above the upper sphincter, whereas spontaneous rupture as seen in Boerhaave syndrome perforation commonly occurs in the lower third of the esophagus. [5]
In 1929, Mallory and Soma Weiss, a physician at Harvard, reported on 15 cases of severe, painless hemorrhage caused by a tear in the mucosa of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction preceded by vomiting in alcoholic patients. [3] They reported a further six cases in 1932. [4] This syndrome has become known as Mallory–Weiss syndrome.
Gastric volvulus causes nausea, vomiting, and pain in the upper abdomen. The Borchardt triad is a group of symptoms that help doctors to identify gastric volvulus. The symptoms are intractable retching, pain in the upper abdomen and inability to pass nasogastric tube into the stomach. [14]
Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. [1] It may occur as a short episode or may be of a long duration. [1] There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1]