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The concatenation operator is . (dot). Array elements are accessed and set with square brackets in both associative arrays and indexed arrays. Curly brackets can be used to access array elements, but not to assign. PHP has three types of comment syntax: /* */ which serves as block comments, and // as well as # which are used for inline comments ...
In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.
These operators use a lazy evaluation, that is, if the value of the expression can be determined from the left hand Boolean expression then they do not evaluate the right hand Boolean expression. As a result, there may be side effects that only occur for one value of the left hand operand.
In PHP, it is possible to leave out the middle part of the ternary operator since PHP 5.3. [8] (June 2009). The Fantom programming language has the ?: binary operator that compares its first operand with null. In Kotlin, the Elvis operator returns its left-hand side if it is not null, and its right-hand side otherwise. [9]
Logical operators over bit vectors (corresponding to finite Boolean algebras) are bitwise operations. But not every usage of a logical connective in computer programming has a Boolean semantic. For example, lazy evaluation is sometimes implemented for P ∧ Q and P ∨ Q , so these connectives are not commutative if either or both of the ...
One of the first applications to use the term artificial intelligence was the Logic Theorist system developed by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon in 1956. One of the things that a logician does is to take a set of statements in logic and deduce the conclusions (additional statements) that must be true by the laws of logic.
An operator, defined by the language, can be overloaded to behave differently based on the type of input. Some languages (e.g. C, C++ and PHP) define a fixed set of operators, while others (e.g. Prolog, [6] Seed7, [7] F#, OCaml, Haskell) allow for user-defined operators.
In Boolean logic, logical NOR, [1] non-disjunction, or joint denial [1] is a truth-functional operator which produces a result that is the negation of logical or.That is, a sentence of the form (p NOR q) is true precisely when neither p nor q is true—i.e. when both p and q are false.