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A pivotal moment in European integration was the Hague Congress of May 1948, as it led to the creation of the European Movement International, the College of Europe [39] and most importantly to the founding of the Council of Europe on the 5th of May 1949 (now known as Europe Day). The Council of Europe was the first institution to bring the ...
A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, [1] such as attaining better wages and benefits, improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of ...
The Indian National Trade Union Congress was formed in 1947 after Indian independence in the same year, and is the oldest trade union federation in India. [22] Unions are known to have political connections, and are sometimes used to project political influence on both workers and political parties. [23]
The largest union confederation in Europe is the German Confederation of Trade Unions. Usually there are at least two national union confederations, one for academically educated and one for branches with lower education level. The largest Swedish union confederation is the blue-collar Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen, or
Trade unions gave strong cooperation to the war effort and at first strikes were minimized. Union membership grew by a third from 1938, reaching 8.2 million in 1943. [ 47 ] According to historian Margaret Gowing , the mobilization of Britain's workforce to meet enormous wartime demands in munitions production came in three distinct phases.
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [9] [10] [11] The union has a total area of 4,233,255 km 2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million.
The Grand National Consolidated Trades Union of 1834 was an early attempt to form a national union confederation in the United Kingdom. [ 1 ] There had been several attempts to form national general unions in the 1820s, culminating with the National Association for the Protection of Labour , established in 1830.
Membership declined steeply in the 1980s and 1990s, falling from 13 million in 1979 to around 7.3 million in 2000. In 2012, union membership dropped below 6 million for the first time since the 1940s. [2] From 1980 to 1998, the proportion of employees who were union members fell from 52 per cent to 30 per cent. [11]