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Metoidioplasty, metaoidioplasty, or metaidoioplasty [2] (informally called a meto or meta) is a female-to-male gender-affirming surgery. [ 3 ] Testosterone replacement therapy gradually enlarges the clitoris to a mean maximum size of 4.6 cm (1.8 in) [ 4 ] (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous ).
Cheeks: Female cheeks tend to be fuller and more rounded. Under the influence of estrogen, fat is deposited beneath the skin and overall facial and body contours become softer. This is reversed by androgens, resulting in a male-type fat distribution after hormone therapy.
Surgeries for female-to-male transgender patients have similarities to both gynecomastia surgeries for cisgender men, [2] breast reduction surgery for gigantomastia, and the separate mastectomies done for breast cancer. [3] Top surgery involves more than a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. [1]
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
Facial masculinization surgery (FMS) is a set of plastic surgery procedures that can transform the patient's face to exhibit typical masculine morphology. Cisgender men may elect to undergo these procedures, and in the context of transgender people, FMS is a type of facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS), which also includes facial feminization surgery (FFS) for transgender women.
Gender nullification is the removal of all external genitalia except the urethral opening, typically pursued by people assigned male at birth. [10] [medical citation needed] Gender-affirming surgery can also refer to operations pursued by cisgender people, such as mammaplasty, penile implant, or testicular implants following orchiectomy. [11]
Lili Elbe was the first well-known recipient of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, in Germany in 1930, the first being Dora Richter. She was the subject of four surgeries: one for orchiectomy, one to transplant an ovary, one for penectomy, and one for vaginoplasty and a uterus transplant. However, she died three months after her last ...
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome causes a genetic male to have a vagina (often incompletely developed, nearly always blind-ending), breasts, and a clitoris; people with this form are raised as females. [25] Aphallia – a rare condition where a XY male is born without a penis. As of 2017, only 100 cases have been reported in literature ...