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10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX Ethernet connections require two wire pairs. 1000BASE-T and faster Ethernet connections require four wire pairs. Through the use of power over Ethernet (PoE), power can be carried over the cable in addition to Ethernet data. Cat 5 is also used to carry other signals such as telephony and video. [17]
Also, the same sets of pins connect to the opposite ends that are paired in both configurations: pins 1 and 2 form a pair, as do 3 and 6, 4 and 5, and 7 and 8. One can use cables wired according to either configuration in the same installation without significant problems if the connections are the same on both ends.
Common 100 Mbit/s passive applications use the pinout of 802.3af mode B (see § Pinouts) – with DC positive on pins 4 and 5 and negative on 7 and 8, and data on 1 and 2, and 3 and 6, but polarization may vary. Gigabit passive injectors use a transformer on the data pins to allow power and data to share the cable and are typically compatible ...
A 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX host uses a connector wiring called medium dependent interfaces (MDI), transmitting on pins 1 and 2 and receiving on pins 3 and 6 to a network device. An infrastructure node (a hub or a switch ) accordingly uses a connector wiring called MDI-X, transmitting on pins 3 and 6 and receiving on pins 1 and 2.
An Ethernet crossover cable is a crossover cable for Ethernet used to connect computing devices together directly. It is most often used to connect two devices of the same type, e.g. two computers (via their network interface controllers ) or two switches to each other.
Cat-5: Energy-efficient Ethernet variant of 10BASE-T using a reduced amplitude signal over Category 5 cable, completely interoperable with 10BASE-T nodes. 10BASE-T1L: 802.3cg-2019 (146) IEC 63171-1, IEC 63171-6 1000 m Ethernet over a single twisted pair - long reach, for industrial applications 10BASE-T1S: 802.3cg-2019 (147) 25 m