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  2. Oceanic trench - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench

    Oceanic crust is formed at an oceanic ridge, while the lithosphere is subducted back into the asthenosphere at trenches. Oceanic trenches are prominent, long, narrow topographic depressions of the ocean floor. They are typically 50 to 100 kilometers (30 to 60 mi) wide and 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic ...

  3. Abyssal zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_zone

    The deep trenches or fissures that plunge down thousands of meters below the ocean floor (for example, the mid-oceanic trenches such as the Mariana Trench in the Pacific) are almost unexplored. [6] Previously, only the bathyscaphe Trieste, the remote control submarine Kaikō and the Nereus have been able to descend to these depths.

  4. Abyssal plain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain

    Oceanic crust and tectonic plates are formed and move apart at mid-ocean ridges. Abyssal hills are formed by stretching of the oceanic lithosphere. [25] Consumption or destruction of the oceanic lithosphere occurs at oceanic trenches (a type of convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary) by a process known as subduction.

  5. Subduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction

    On the ocean side of the complex, where the subducting plate first approaches the subduction zone, there is often an outer trench high or outer trench swell. Here the plate shallows slightly before plunging downwards, as a consequence of the rigidity of the plate. [18] The point where the slab begins to plunge downwards is marked by an oceanic ...

  6. Hydrothermal vent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent

    Similar to how deep-sea SMS mining tools create noise pollution, they also create anthropogenic light sources on the seafloor (from mining tools) and the ocean surface (from surface support vessels). Organisms at these hydrothermal vent systems are in the aphotic zone of the ocean and have adapted to very low light conditions.

  7. Hadal zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadal_zone

    The hadal zone, also known as the hadopelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean, lying within oceanic trenches.The hadal zone ranges from around 6 to 11 km (3.7 to 6.8 mi; 20,000 to 36,000 ft) below sea level, and exists in long, narrow, topographic V-shaped depressions.

  8. Benthic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_zone

    The benthic region of the ocean begins at the shore line (intertidal or littoral zone) and extends downward along the surface of the continental shelf out to sea.Thus, the region incorporates a great variety of physical conditions differing in: depth, light penetration and pressure. [5]

  9. Langmuir circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir_circulation

    Langmuir circulation White streaks in this lagoon are due to the Langmuir circulation. These lines of sargassum can stretch for miles along the surface. The clumps of floating algae are often concentrated by the strong winds and wave action associated with the Gulf Stream.