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This page was last edited on 11 December 2024, at 08:10 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
Single-celled microorganisms were the first forms of life to develop on Earth, approximately 3.5 billion years ago. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Further evolution was slow, [ 33 ] and for about 3 billion years in the Precambrian eon , (much of the history of life on Earth ), all organisms were microorganisms.
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food.This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing ...
Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) [1] fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and organoleptic qualities (in this case, taste, sight, smell, touch).
Biodegradation is the naturally-occurring breakdown of materials by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi or other biological activity. [35] Composting is a human-driven process in which biodegradation occurs under a specific set of circumstances. [ 36 ]
bacteria (for cheese, yogurt, kephir, buttermilk, sour cream, kombucha tea, spirulina) Lactic acid bacteria: Fermentation of dairy, plants, and meats. [3] Lactobacillus delbrueckii: Production of yogurt (Bulgaria). [3] Lactococcus casei: Production of cheese (with a fruity flavor). [3] Lactococcus helveticus: Production of cheese, including ...