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Dry, powdered ammonium sulfate may be formed by spraying sulfuric acid into a reaction chamber filled with ammonia gas. The heat of reaction evaporates all water present in the system, forming a powdery salt. Approximately 6,000 million tons were produced in 1981. [2] Ammonium sulfate also is manufactured from gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O).
The method consists of heating a sample to 360–410 °C with concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), which decomposes ("digests" or "destructs") the organic sample by oxidation to liberate the reduced nitrogen as ammonium sulfate. [3] Hot concentrated sulfuric acid oxidizes carbon (as bituminous coal) and sulfur (see sulfuric acid's reactions ...
The Caprolactam plant in Udyogamandal was commissioned in 1990. Main products include ammonia, sulfuric acid, ammonium phosphate-sulfate (FACTAMFOS), ammonium sulfate, zincated ammonium phosphate, caprolactam, and also complex fertilizers. gypsum, nitric acid, soda ash and coloured ammonium sulfate are major by-products.
Ammonium persulfate is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density. [2] [3] The method was first described by Hugh Marshall. [4]
Its products include anhydrous ammonia, sulfur, sulfuric acid, finished fertilizers, petroleum coke, and nitric acid. [3] The company was established by Ronald Stanton in 1965, [4] and is currently headquartered in New York City. [2] [5] The company has offices in Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Middle East, and South Africa. [6]
Fertilizers that improve plant growth are made by neutralizing sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) or nitric acid (HNO 3) with ammonia gas (NH 3), making ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate. These are salts utilized in the fertilizer.
Ammonium sulfate is an inorganic salt with a high solubility that disassociates into ammonium (NH + 4) and sulfate (SO 2− 4) in aqueous solutions. [1] Ammonium sulfate is especially useful as a precipitant because it is highly soluble, stabilizes protein structure, has a relatively low density, is readily available, and is relatively inexpensive.
Alkyl sulfates consist of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain, a polar sulfate group (containing an anion) and either a cation or amine to neutralize the sulfate group. Examples include: sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sulfuric acid mono dodecyl ester sodium salt) and related potassium and ammonium salts.