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In vitro double fertilization is often used to study the molecular interactions as well as other aspects of gamete fusion in flowering plants. One of the major obstacles in developing an in vitro double fertilization between male and female gametes is the confinement of the sperm in the pollen tube and the egg in the embryonic sac.
The name gamete was introduced by the German cytologist Eduard Strasburger in 1878. [3] Gametes of both mating individuals can be the same size and shape, a condition known as isogamy. By contrast, in the majority of species, the gametes are of different sizes, a condition known as anisogamy or heterogamy that applies to humans and other ...
An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes (called antherozoids or sperm). The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium. [1] The androecium is also the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants.
In dimorphic sexual systems, individual plants within a species only produce one sort of flower, either hermaphrodite or male, or female. Dimorphic sexual systems include dioecy, gynodioecy, androdioecy, and trioecy. [7] Male (a.k.a. staminate) flowers have a stamen but no pistil and produce only male gametes. Female (a.k.a. pistillate) flowers ...
Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more basal plants like ferns and some gymnosperms have motile sperm. [2] Sperm cells form during the process known as spermatogenesis, which in amniotes (reptiles and mammals) takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles. [3]
The outer parts are known as the genitals or external genitalia, visible at birth in both sexes, [1] while the inner parts are referred to as internal genitalia, which in both sexes, are always hidden. [2] In plants, male reproductive structures include stamens in flowering plants, which produce pollen. [3]
An archegonium (pl.: archegonia), from the Ancient Greek ἀρχή ("beginning") and γόνος ("offspring"), is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete. The corresponding male organ is called the antheridium. The archegonium has a long neck canal or ...
The androecium is one of the fertile cycles of flowers. The parts that make up the androecium are called stamens whose function is the generation of male gametophytes or pollen grains. The stamens are highly modified leaves formed by a foot that is inserted into the receptacle of the flower, called filament, and a distal portion called anther ...