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In vitro double fertilization is often used to study the molecular interactions as well as other aspects of gamete fusion in flowering plants. One of the major obstacles in developing an in vitro double fertilization between male and female gametes is the confinement of the sperm in the pollen tube and the egg in the embryonic sac.
The name gamete was introduced by the German cytologist Eduard Strasburger in 1878. [3] Gametes of both mating individuals can be the same size and shape, a condition known as isogamy. By contrast, in the majority of species, the gametes are of different sizes, a condition known as anisogamy or heterogamy that applies to humans and other ...
An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes (called antherozoids or sperm). The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium. [1] Androecium is also the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants.
The male gametophyte will develop via one or two rounds of mitosis inside the anther. This creates a 2 or 3 celled male gametophyte which becomes known as the pollen grain once dehiscing occurs. [18] One cell is the tube cell, and the remaining cell/cells are the sperm cells. [19]
Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more basal plants like ferns and some gymnosperms have motile sperm. [2] Sperm cells form during the process known as spermatogenesis, which in amniotes (reptiles and mammals) takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles. [3]
In dimorphic sexual systems, individual plants within a species only produce one sort of flower, either hermaphrodite or male, or female. Dimorphic sexual systems include dioecy, gynodioecy, androdioecy, and trioecy. [6] Male (a.k.a. staminate) flowers have a stamen but no pistil and produce only male gametes. Female (a.k.a. pistillate) flowers ...
Pollen tube elongation is an integral stage in the plant life cycle. The pollen tube acts as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen grain—either from the stigma (in flowering plants) to the ovules at the base of the pistil or directly through ovule tissue in some gymnosperms.
A gametangium (pl.: gametangia) is a sex organ or cell in which gametes are produced that is found in many multicellular protists, algae, fungi, and the gametophytes of plants. In contrast to gametogenesis in animals , a gametangium is a haploid structure and formation of gametes does not involve meiosis .