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An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone. [1] Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion.
Shown is an osteochondroma surgically extracted from a ten-year-old patient. The bone is the cylindrical stalk at the bottom, about 1/2 inch long, the two diagonal growths are cartilage. This morphology is typical of a tibial bone spur. Osteochondromas are benign lesions and do not affect life expectancy. [13]
Osteophyte formation has classically been related to sequential and consequential changes in such processes. Often osteophytes form in osteoarthritic joints as a result of damage and wear from inflammation. Calcification and new bone formation can also occur in response to mechanical damage in joints. [5]
A bone spur (osteophyte) in the knee is mainly caused by wear and tear of the joint, leading to pain and stiffness. Learn more about the causes and treatment.
Hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), also known as hereditary multiple exostoses, is a disorder characterized by the development of multiple benign osteocartilaginous masses in relation to the ends of long bones of the lower limbs such as the femurs and tibias and of the upper limbs such as the humeri and forearm bones.
This is done by reflecting the mucoperiosteal flap in order to expose the extended bone for complete excision. This bone will then be sent for histopathological examination to differentiate from benign to malignant neoplastic processes. Routine post-operative instructions are given to the patient and occasionally antibiotics may be prescribed. [16]
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