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In mathematics, a ternary operation is an n-ary operation with n = 3. A ternary operation on a set A takes any given three elements of A and combines them to form a single element of A . In computer science , a ternary operator is an operator that takes three arguments as input and returns one output.
The problem for graphs is NP-complete if the edge lengths are assumed integers. The problem for points on the plane is NP-complete with the discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. [3]: ND22, ND23
In mathematics, the "happy ending problem" (so named by Paul Erdős because it led to the marriage of George Szekeres and Esther Klein [1]) is the following statement: Theorem — any set of five points in the plane in general position [ 2 ] has a subset of four points that form the vertices of a convex quadrilateral .
The eight (±,±,±) coordinates of the cube vertices are used to denote them. The horizontal plane shows the four quadrants between x- and y-axis. (Vertex numbers are little-endian balanced ternary.) An octant in solid geometry is one of the eight divisions of a Euclidean three-dimensional coordinate system defined
The most basic example is the flat Euclidean plane, an idealization of a flat surface in physical space such as a sheet of paper or a chalkboard. On the Euclidean plane, any two points can be joined by a unique straight line along which the distance can be measured.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
For functions defined in the plane or more generally on an Euclidean space , it is necessary to consider functions that are vector-valued or matrix-valued. It is also conceptually helpful to do this in an invariant manner (i.e., a coordinate-free way).
A planar ternary ring (PTR) or ternary field is special type of ternary system used by Marshall Hall [1] to construct projective planes by means of coordinates. A planar ternary ring is not a ring in the traditional sense, but any field gives a planar ternary ring where the operation T {\displaystyle T} is defined by T ( a , b , c ) = a b + c ...