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A list of commercial phonics programs designed for teaching reading in English (arranged by country of origin to acknowledge regional language variations).
The Spalding Method teaches reading by focusing first on phonics and writing. It was developed by Romalda Bishop Spalding in the late 1950s [ 1 ] as a multi-disciplinary educational tool. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...
The I.T.A. originally had 43 symbols, which was expanded to 44, then 45. Each symbol predominantly represented a single English sound (including affricates and diphthongs), but there were complications due to the desire to avoid making the I.T.A. needlessly different from standard English spelling (which would make the transition from the I.T.A. to standard spelling more difficult), and in ...
The Institute of Education Sciences (the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), describes the approach as follows: "Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels.
The West Virginia Constitution of 1872 dismantled the township system, though the State would remain divided into 398 school districts until the County Unit Plan was approved in 1933, which organized schools at the county level. [4] The West Virginia Board of Education was established in 1908. At that time, the Board's members were appointed by ...
West Virginia ranks as one of the lowest scoring states for education in the United States. According to The National Assessment of Educational Progress , the state ranks significantly below the national average in mathematics, reading, writing, and science.
West Virginia University is also the state's sole participant university in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program. [9] In addition, West Virginia has two historically black colleges and universities that are members of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund: Bluefield State University and West Virginia State University. [10] [11]