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Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [1] [2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. [3]
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions.
Influenced by Avicenna's works, he wrote this book presenting the basic theories of philosophy. [1] In this book, he explained in detail about what philosophy is and described basic entities like judgement, concept, premise and logic. Al-Ghazali stated that one must be well versed in the ideas of the philosophers before setting out to refute ...
The first English use of the expression "meaning of life" appears in Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), book II chapter IX, "The Everlasting Yea". [1]Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.
Aristotle defines the end, purpose, or final "cause" (τέλος, télos) [16] as that for the sake of which a thing is done. [20] Like the form, this is a controversial type of explanation in science; some have argued for its survival in evolutionary biology , [ 21 ] while Ernst Mayr denied that it continued to play a role. [ 22 ]
'end, purpose, goal') [2] is a term used by philosopher Aristotle to refer to the final cause of a natural organ or entity, or of human art. Telos is the root of the modern term teleology , the study of purposiveness or of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, or intentions.
An encyclopedia of philosophy is a comprehensive reference work which seeks to make available to the reader a number of articles on the subject of philosophy.Many paper and online encyclopedias of philosophy have been written, with encyclopedias in general dating back to the 1st century AD with Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia.
Many definitions of philosophy see as its main task the creation of meaning and understanding or the clarification of concepts. [9] In this sense, philosophy is often contrasted with the sciences in the sense that it is not so much about what the actual world is like but about how we experience it or how we think and talk about it. [4]