Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
A study by Chuck Benbrook concluded that the spread of glyphosate-resistant weeds had increased US herbicide use. [353] [354] That study cited a 23% increase (.3 kilograms/hectare) for soybeans from 1996 to 2006, a 43% (.9 kg/ha) increase for cotton from 1996 to 2010 and a 16% (.5 kg/ha) decrease for corn from 1996 to 2010. [353]
Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, [8] [5] [9] [10] and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides [11] and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. [12]
Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant.
R-factors have been known to contain up to ten resistance genes. They can also spread easily as they contain genes for constructing pili, which allow them to transfer the R-factor to other bacteria. [13] R-factors have contributed to the growing antibiotic resistance crisis because they quickly spread resistance genes among bacteria. [14]
EPSP synthase is the biological target for the herbicide glyphosate. [13] Glyphosate is a competitive inhibitor of EPSP synthase, acting as a transition state analog that binds more tightly to the EPSPS-S3P complex than PEP and inhibits the shikimate pathway. This binding leads to inhibition of the enzyme's catalysis and shuts down the pathway.
Over-reliance on glyphosate and a reduction in the diversity of weed management practices allowed the spread of glyphosate resistance in 14 weed species in the US, [207] and in soybeans. [ 5 ] To reduce resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, the 1996 commercialization of transgenic cotton and maize came with a management strategy to ...
In 2004, a glyphosate-resistant variation of Palmer amaranth was found in the U.S. state of Georgia. [199] In 2005, resistance was also found in North Carolina. [200] The species can quickly become resistant to multiple herbicides and has developed multiple mechanisms for glyphosate resistance due to selection pressure. [201] [200]
Markers have also been added to aid in tracing the spread of the bacteria. The bacteria that naturally colonise certain crops have also been modified, in some cases to express the Bt genes responsible for pest resistance. Pseudomonas strains of bacteria cause frost damage by nucleating water into ice crystals around themselves.