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About a year later, the dog began exhibiting strange symptoms, starting with apparent absentness and occasional staggering. In 2000, Spike began exhibiting more severe symptoms including cramping and epileptic-like fits; tests performed at Utrecht University in 2002 were Prof Rothuizen already had examined Border Terriers from Germany ...
Up to 80 percent of dogs infected will have symptoms, but the mortality rate is only 5 to 8 percent. [5] Infectious canine hepatitis is a sometimes fatal infectious disease of the liver. [6] Canine herpesvirus is an infectious disease that is a common cause of death in puppies less than three weeks old. [7]
Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), also known as gastric dilation, twisted stomach, or gastric torsion, is a medical condition that affects dogs and rarely cats and guinea pigs, [1] in which the stomach becomes overstretched and rotated by excessive gas content. The condition also involves compression of the diaphragm and caudal vena cavae.
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) is a disease of dogs characterized by sudden vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The symptoms are usually severe, and HGE can be fatal if not treated. HGE is most common in young adult dogs of any breed, but especially small dogs such as the Toy Poodle and Miniature Schnauzer. [1] It is not contagious.
Both forms of gastrin are found in the gastric antrum and duodenum: Gastrins stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and secretin; stimulate intestinal mucosal growth; increase gastric and intestinal motility Big gastrin: 3839: 34: Secretin-glucagon family: Secretin: 3056: 27: Duodenum and jejunum
In the stomach, gastric chief cells release pepsinogen. This zymogen is activated by hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is released from parietal cells in the stomach lining. The hormone gastrin and the vagus nerve trigger the release of both pepsinogen and HCl from the stomach lining when food is ingested.
Gastric chief cells are generally located deep in the mucosal layer of the stomach lining, in the fundus and body of the stomach. [2] [3] Chief cells release the zymogen (enzyme precursor) pepsinogen when stimulated by a variety of factors including cholinergic activity from the vagus nerve and acidic condition in the stomach.
Mice and frogs can also infect the dog as collective hosts. The larvae hatch in the stomach, attach directly to the mucosa, and molt into adults (sexually mature worms). [24] The stomach worms cause damage to the gastric mucosa, leading to gastritis, bleeding and chronic vomiting. [25] In severe infection, weight loss and anemia occur.