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In mathematical physics, a closed timelike curve (CTC) is a world line in a Lorentzian manifold, of a material particle in spacetime, that is "closed", ...
A plane simple closed curve is also called a Jordan curve. It is also defined as a non-self-intersecting continuous loop in the plane. [9] The Jordan curve theorem states that the set complement in a plane of a Jordan curve consists of two connected components (that is the curve divides the plane in two non-intersecting regions that are both ...
A Cauchy surface is a closed achronal set whose Cauchy development is . A metric is globally hyperbolic if it can be foliated by Cauchy surfaces. The chronology violating set is the set of points through which closed timelike curves pass. The causality violating set is the set of points through which closed causal curves pass.
The theoretical study of time travel generally follows the laws of general relativity. Quantum mechanics requires physicists to solve equations describing how probabilities behave along closed timelike curves (CTCs), which are theoretical loops in spacetime that might make it possible to travel through time.
Aggregate demand curve; Compensated demand curve; Duck curve; Engel curve; Hubbert curve; Indifference curve; J curve; Kuznets curve; Laffer curve; Lorenz curve; Phillips curve; Supply curve. Aggregate supply curve; Backward bending supply curve of labor
time-like curves, with a speed less than the speed of light. These curves must fall within a cone defined by light-like curves. In our definition above: world lines are time-like curves in spacetime. space-like curves falling outside the light cone. Such curves may describe, for example, the length of a physical object.
In mathematics, the winding number or winding index of a closed curve in the plane around a given point is an integer representing the total number of times that the curve travels counterclockwise around the point, i.e., the curve's number of turns. For certain open plane curves, the number of turns may be a non-integer.
If a line, curve or closed curve is used as start point for a continuous set of streamlines, the result is a stream surface. In the case of a closed curve in a steady flow, fluid that is inside a stream surface must remain forever within that same stream surface, because the streamlines are tangent to the flow velocity.