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  2. Prokaryote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote

    A prokaryote (/ p r oʊ ˈ k ær i oʊ t,-ə t /; less commonly spelled procaryote) [1] is a single-celled organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. [2] The word prokaryote comes from the Ancient Greek πρό (pró), meaning 'before', and κάρυον (káruon), meaning 'nut' or 'kernel'. [3]

  3. Bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria

    Following present classification, there are a little less than 9,300 known species of prokaryotes, which includes bacteria and archaea; [189] but attempts to estimate the true number of bacterial diversity have ranged from 10 7 to 10 9 total species—and even these diverse estimates may be off by many orders of magnitude. [190] [191]

  4. Marine prokaryotes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_prokaryotes

    Eukaryotic flagella are complex cellular projections that lash back and forth, rather than in a circular motion. Prokaryotic flagella use a rotary motor, and the eukaryotic flagella use a complex sliding filament system. Eukaryotic flagella are ATP-driven, while prokaryotic flagella can be ATP-driven (archaea) or proton-driven (bacteria). [124]

  5. Microorganism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism

    A possible transitional form of microorganism between a prokaryote and a eukaryote was discovered in 2012 by Japanese scientists. Parakaryon myojinensis is a unique microorganism larger than a typical prokaryote, but with nuclear material enclosed in a membrane as in a eukaryote, and the presence of endosymbionts. This is seen to be the first ...

  6. Bacterial cell structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cell_structure

    The cell wall of some Gram-positive bacteria can be completely dissolved by lysozymes which attack the bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. In other Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, the walls are resistant to the action of lysozymes. [4] They have O-acetyl groups on carbon-6 of some muramic acid ...

  7. Cyanobacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria

    Cyanobacteria are globally widespread photosynthetic prokaryotes and are major contributors to global biogeochemical cycles. [28] They are the only oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, and prosper in diverse and extreme habitats. [29] They are among the oldest organisms on Earth with fossil records dating back at least 2.1 billion years. [30]

  8. Marine microorganisms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_microorganisms

    Parakaryon myojinensis is a unique microorganism larger than a typical prokaryote, but with nuclear material enclosed in a membrane as in a eukaryote, and the presence of endosymbionts. This is seen to be the first plausible evolutionary form of microorganism, showing a stage of development from the prokaryote to the eukaryote.

  9. Cell envelope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_envelope

    The Gram-positive cell wall is characterized by the presence of a very thick peptidoglycan layer, which is responsible for the retention of the crystal violet dyes during the Gram staining procedure. It is found exclusively in organisms belonging to the Actinomycetota (or high %G+C Gram-positive organisms) and the Bacillota (or low %G+C Gram ...