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Pyrogallol is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 3 (OH) 3. It is a water-soluble, white solid although samples are typically brownish because of its sensitivity toward oxygen. [ 3 ] It is one of three isomers of benzenetriols .
Catechol has since been shown to occur in free form naturally in kino and in beechwood tar. Its sulfonic acid has been detected in the urine of horses and humans. [9] Catechol is produced industrially by the hydroxylation of phenol using hydrogen peroxide. [2] C 6 H 5 OH + H 2 O 2 → C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 + H 2 O
A hydrolysable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, yields gallic or ellagic acids. [ 1 ] At the center of a hydrolysable tannin molecule , there is a carbohydrate (usually D-glucose but also cyclitols like quinic or shikimic acids ).
It is the symmetrically dimethylated derivative of pyrogallol. It is a colorless solid, although typical samples are brown owing to air-oxidized impurities. Together with guaiacol, syringol and its derivatives are produced by the pyrolysis of lignin. Specifically, syringol is derived from the thermal decomposition of the sinapyl alcohol component.
From water, phloroglucinol crystallizes as the dihydrate, which has a melting point of 116–117 °C, but the anhydrous form melts at a much higher temperature, at 218–220 °C. It does not boil intact, but it does sublime. The Hoesch reaction allows the synthesis of 1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone from phloroglucinol. [6]
A pyrogallolarene (also calix[4]pyrogallolarene) is a macrocycle, or a cyclic oligomer, based on the condensation of pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) and an aldehyde. Pyrogallolarenes are a type of calixarene , and a subset of resorcinarenes that are substituted with a hydroxyl at the 2-position.
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In enzymology, a pyrogallol hydroxytransferase (EC 1.97.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene + 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene