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Eco-socialism (also known as green socialism, socialist ecology, ecological materialism, or revolutionary ecology) [1] is an ideology merging aspects of socialism with that of green politics, ecology and alter-globalization or anti-globalization.
Ecofascism (sometimes spelled eco-fascism [1]) is a term used to describe individuals and groups which combine environmentalism with fascism. [ 2 ] Philosopher André Gorz characterized eco-fascism as hypothetical forms of totalitarianism based on an ecological orientation of politics. [ 3 ]
Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto is the sixth book by Stewart Brand, published by Viking Penguin in 2009. [1] He sees Earth and people propelled by three transformations: climate change (global warming), urbanization and biotechnology. [2]
Economic materialism can be described as either a personal attitude that attaches importance to acquiring (and often consuming) material goods, or as a logistical analysis of how physical resources are shaped into consumable products.
In comparison with other 'political' forms of criticism, there has been relatively little dispute about the moral and philosophical aims of ecocriticism, although its scope has broadened from nature writing, romantic poetry, and canonical literature to take in film, television, theatre, animal stories, architectures, scientific narratives and an extraordinary range of literary texts.
Ecomodernism embraces substituting natural ecological services with energy, technology, and synthetic solutions [4] as long as they help reduce impact on environment.. Among other things, ecomodernists embrace high-tech farming techniques to produce more food using less land and water, thus freeing up areas for conservation (precision agriculture, vertical farming, regenerative agriculture and ...
Andrew Brennan was an advocate of ecologic humanism (eco-humanism), the argument that all ontological entities, animate and inanimate, can be given ethical worth purely on the basis that they exist. The work of Arne Næss and his collaborator Sessions also falls under the libertarian extension, although they preferred the term "deep ecology".
Ecospirituality has also sprung from a reaction to the Western world's materialism and consumerism, characterized by ecotheologian Thomas Berry as a "crisis of cosmology." [ 13 ] Scholars have argued that "the modern perspective is based on science and focused on the human self with everything else being outside, resulting in the demise of the ...