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Holland is a geographical region [3] and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands. [3] From the 10th to the 16th century, Holland proper was a unified political region within the Holy Roman Empire as a county ruled by the counts of Holland.
The most populous province is South Holland, with just over 3.8 million inhabitants as of January 2023, and also the most densely populated province with 1,410/km 2 (3,700/sq mi). [1] With 391,124 inhabitants, Zeeland has the smallest population.
In some languages, Holland is used as the formal name for the Netherlands. However, Holland is a region within the Netherlands that consists of the two provinces of North and South Holland. Formerly these were a single province, and earlier the County of Holland, which included parts of present-day Utrecht.
The intermediate category of town does not exist in Dutch, but provinciestad (small city in the province) comes close. Historically, there existed systems of city rights , granted by the territorial lords, which defined the status of a place: a stad or dorp .
This list of cities, towns and villages in the Netherlands by province is a survey of lists by province: List of cities, towns and villages in Drenthe; List of cities, towns and villages in Flevoland; List of cities, towns and villages in Friesland; List of cities, towns and villages in Gelderland; List of cities, towns and villages in Groningen
The first level of subdivision consists of 12 provinces. [1] The second level of subdivision consists of 342 municipalities . The country is also subdivided into 21 water districts, governed by a water board ( waterschap or hoogheemraadschap ), each having authority in matters concerning water management.
The County of Holland was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from its inception until 1433. From 1433 onward it was part of the Burgundian Netherlands, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands and from 1581 onward the leading province of the Dutch Republic until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
Strictly speaking, Holland is only the central-western region of the country comprising two of the twelve provinces. They are North Holland and South Holland. Holland has, particularly for outsiders, long become a pars pro toto name for the whole nation, similar to the use of Russia for the (former) Soviet Union, or England for the United Kingdom.