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Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Effusions are large, restricting range of motion but significant pain is not a feature. There is usually stiffness. Tenderness of the joint may or may not be present. [1] Aspirated synovial fluid is usually sterile [2] but will sometimes show elevated cell count (>100 cells/mL) with 50% being polymorphonuclear leukocytes. [3]
Synovial fluid examination [3] [4]; Type WBC (per mm 3) % neutrophils Viscosity Appearance Normal <200: 0: High: Transparent Osteoarthritis <5000 <25: High: Clear yellow Trauma <10,000
Injuries or overuse. Injuries, overuse, ... Culture of the joint fluid or a blood sample if infectious arthritis is suspected. Analysis of a sample of synovial fluid to look for signs of an ...
This membrane lines joints that possess cavities, known as synovial joints. The condition is usually painful, particularly when the joint is moved. The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection. Watercolour drawing of acute synovitis of the knee joint, showing the beginnings of the disintegration of the cartilage of the internal ...
In human anatomy, a bursa is a small pouch filled with synovial fluid.Its purpose is to reduce friction between adjacent structures. The prepatellar bursa is one of several bursae of the knee joint, and is located between the patella and the skin. [8]