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The Luiseño or Payómkawichum are an Indigenous people of California who, at the time of the first contacts with the Spanish in the 16th century, inhabited the coastal area of southern California, ranging 50 miles (80 km) from the present-day southern part of Los Angeles County to the northern part of San Diego County, and inland 30 miles (48 km).
The Cupeño villages also showing Warner Springs for reference. Spaniards entered Cupeño lands in 1795 [5] and took control of the lands by the 19th century. After Mexico achieved independence, its government granted Juan José Warner, a naturalized American-Mexican citizen, nearly 45,000 acres (180 km 2) of the land on November 28, 1844.
Lorena Lucille Majel Dixon was a Luiseño Indian that lived on and was an integral part of the Pauma Indian Reservation. [1] Her parents were educated at Sherman Indian Boarding School.
The Temecula massacre took place in December 1846 east of present-day Temecula, California, United States.It was part of a series of related events in the Mexican–American War.
Fundamentally, it was also related to the appropriation of Mission Luiseno land from the Luiseño after the successful mission with a population of 3,000 was secularized in 1833. Gov. José Figueroa had granted the Luiseño three pueblos including Las Flores and San Pascual.
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Acting as a self-governing population, the Payómkawichum inhabited much of present-day Southern California. Primarily occupied alongside the Kumeyaay nation, Luiseño ancestral territory stretched far, as such loose ownership of land expanded as far north as present-day Riverside, east as present-day Hemet, as south as present-day Carlsbad, and as west as San Nicolas Island. [6]
The Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians is a federally recognized tribe of Luiseño people, headquartered in Riverside County, California. On June 18, 1883, the Soboba Reservation was established by the United States government in San Jacinto. [5] There are five other federally recognized tribes of Luiseño people in southern California.