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CADASIL or CADASIL syndrome, involving cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, is the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder and is thought to be caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19. [1]
CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) MELAS (eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) Headache attributed to benign angiopathy of the central nervous system Headache attributed to pituitary apoplexy
There are many diseases similar to Binswanger's disease including CADASIL syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, which makes this specific type of white matter damage hard to diagnose. [5] Binswanger disease may be diagnosed by a team of experts including a neurologist and psychiatrist to rule out other psychological or neurological problems. [3]
The prognosis for individuals with CARASIL is progressive neurological decline over the course of 10–20 years after the onset of symptoms, ultimately ending in death. CARASIL is a degenerative disease, and most patients live only 10 years past symptom onset, [3] although some may live for 20–30 more years. [2]
Micrograph showing CADASIL with a Notch 3 immunostain. Mutations in NOTCH3 have been identified as the underlying cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy . [6] Mutations in NOTCH3 have also been identified in families with Alzheimer's disease. [7]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) describes a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain.The posterior circulation supplies the medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum and (in 70-80% of people) supplies the posterior cerebellar artery to the thalamus and occipital cortex. [1]
Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.