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  2. Asphalt concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_concrete

    Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]

  3. Granular base equivalency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_base_equivalency

    Here is an example of GBE calculation adopted from Piryonesi (2019). [1] This example belongs to a road in the LTPP database. This road is made of the following layers: subbase, base, and three layers of hot mixed asphalt concrete. Their thicknesses are given in millimeters in the following table. The total GBE for this road 805.7 millimeters.

  4. Marshall Stability Method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Stability_Method

    Print/export Download as PDF; ... The Marshall Stability Method is used in pavement design to determine the Optimum Binder ... in asphalt concrete. [1] [2] [3] References

  5. Subbase (pavement) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subbase_(pavement)

    They are rated by strength, from the weakest CBM 1 (also formerly known as soil cement) through CBM 2 to CBM 3, 4, and 5, which are more similar to concrete and are called "lean mix". In the UK, the specification for aggregate used as a subbase in the construction of driveways and roads includes MOT Type 1 Stone.

  6. 3D concrete printing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_concrete_printing

    The fleet of Vulcan printers can produce eight different floor plans of 3 to 4 bedrooms and 2 to 3 baths. [22] A concrete feeding system known as Magma supplies the Vulcan printer with Icon's developed concrete mix known as Lavacrete, which can adjust for site weather conditions and supply read-to-print concrete automatically. [22]

  7. Base course - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_course

    [1] [2] Aggregate base (AB) is typically a mix of different sizes of crushed rock 20 mm or 34 in Aggregate Base, Class 2, is used in roadways and consists of rock particles of size 20 mm (34 in) and less. An aggregate is normally made from newly quarried rock, or it is sometimes allowed to be made from recycled asphalt concrete and/or ...

  8. Stone mastic asphalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_mastic_asphalt

    AAPA (2000) Stone Mastic Asphalt Design and Application Guide, AAPA Implementation Guide IG−4. Austroads (2002) Asphalt Guide AP−G666/02; Austroads (2003) Selection and Design of Asphalt Mixes: Australian Provisional Guide. APRG Report 18. ARRB Transport Research; Austroads (2003) Guide to the selection of road surfacings, AP−G63/03

  9. Ready-mix concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete

    In the UK, ready-mixed concrete is specified either informally, by constituent weight or volume (1-2-4 or 1-3-6 being common mixes) or using the formal specification standards of the European standard EN 206+ A1, which is supplemented in the UK by BS 8500. This allows the customer to specify what the concrete has to be able to withstand in ...