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Torticollis, the main symptom, may also occur in rabbits with inflammation of the inner ear (otitis interna), viral infections of the brain, listeriosis, toxoplasmosis, migrating larvae (larva migrans) of the raccoon roundworm, tumors (especially lymphomas) and abscesses of the brain, as well as head injuries.
The causes of wry neck can be middle- or inner-ear infections, ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi), nematodes (roundworms, Baylisascaris procyonis), cancer (in brain, neck, ear), cervical muscle contractions, ingestion of lead or toxic plants, or diseases or injuries affecting the brain (stroke, abscess, tumor, trauma).
E. cuniculi infections in the eye cause cataract formation, white intraocular masses, and uveitis. Symptoms usually occur in young rabbits, and only one eye is generally affected. Rabbits with ocular lesions related to encephalitozoonosis are usually otherwise healthy, and tolerate vision loss well. [10]
Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. [4] Symptoms may include fever , skin ulcers , and enlarged lymph nodes . [ 3 ] Occasionally, a form that results in pneumonia or a throat infection may occur.
This species, despite its name, is also responsible for 90% of ear mite infections in felines. In veterinary practice, ear mite infections in dogs and cats may present as a disease that causes intense itching in one or both ears, which in turn triggers scratching at the affected ear. An unusually dark colored ear wax may also be produced. Cats ...
Rabbits re-infected with the virus exhibit some or complete immunity, and can transmit the virus to other wild rabbits, and from wild to domestic rabbits. A domestic strain cannot transmit it to another domestic rabbit, however. [4] Immunologically, the papillomatosis virus is not related to fibroma or myxoma in rabbits. [4]
The brush rabbit is the sole carrier of myxoma virus in North American because other native lagomorphs, including cottontail rabbits and hares, are incapable of transmitting the disease.[4][1] Clinical signs of myxomatosis depend on the strain of virus, the route of inoculation, and the immune status of the host.
Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.