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The Pioneer Venus Orbiter, also known as Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer 12, was a mission to Venus conducted by NASA as part of the Pioneer Venus project. Launched in May 1978 atop an Atlas-Centaur rocket, the spacecraft was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978. It returned data from Venus until October 1992. [2] [4]
Pioneer Venus Orbiter Cloud structure in the Venusian atmosphere in 1979, revealed by ultraviolet observations by Pioneer Venus Orbiter. The orbiter was launched on May 20, 1978 on an Atlas-Centaur rocket. The orbiter's mass was 517 kg (1,140 lb). [3] The Pioneer Venus Orbiter was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978.
Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970. Pioneer Venus 2 contained the first spacecraft to land from the United States, the Day ...
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes.The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus.
The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, also known as Pioneer Venus 2 or Pioneer 13, was a spacecraft launched in 1978 to explore Venus as part of NASA's Pioneer program. This part of the mission included a spacecraft bus which was launched from Earth. The bus carried one large and three smaller probes, which, after separating, each penetrated the ...
A map of Venus compiled from data recorded by NASA's Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft beginning in 1978. In 1978, NASA sent two Pioneer spacecraft to Venus. The Pioneer mission consisted of two components, launched separately: an orbiter and a multiprobe. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe carried one large and three small atmospheric probes. The ...
1978 saw the launch of the Pioneer Venus missions launched by the United States, on 20 May and 8 August.The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe landed four spacecraft on the planet, one of which transmitted data for 67 minutes before being destroyed by atmospheric pressure.
Pioneer Venus made radar and other observations of Venus. The orbiter operated until August 1992. [22] Pioneer Venus Multiprobe: Venus 8 August 1978 9 December 1978 entered atmosphere: 124 days (4 mo, 2 d) The Pioneer Venus multiprobe included a "bus" and four atmospheric probes, one of which survived its impact with Venus and continued to ...