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Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
An orifice is any opening, mouth, hole or vent, as in a pipe, a plate, or a body Body orifice, any opening in the body of a human or animal; Orifice plate, a restriction used to measure flow or to control pressure or flow, sometimes given specialised names: Calibrated orifice, used to control pressure or flow
Other types of fluid jets are found in carburetors, where smooth calibrated orifices are used to regulate the flow of fuel into an engine, and in jacuzzis or spas. Another specialized jet is the laminar jet. This is a water jet that contains devices to smooth out the pressure and flow, and gives laminar flow, as its name suggests.
An orifice plate is a plate with a hole through it, placed perpendicular to the flow; it constricts the flow, and measuring the pressure differential across the constriction gives the flow rate. It is basically a crude form of Venturi meter, but with higher energy losses. There are three type of orifice: concentric, eccentric, and segmental. [7 ...
The fundamental difference between the orifice meter and the turbine meter is the flow equation derivation. The orifice meter flow calculation is based on fluid flow fundamentals (a 1st Law of Thermodynamics derivation utilizing the pipe diameter and vena contracta diameters for the continuity equation). Deviations from theoretical expectation ...
The choked velocity is a function of the upstream pressure but not the downstream. Although the velocity is constant, the mass flow rate is dependent on the density of the upstream gas, which is a function of the upstream pressure. Flow velocity reaches the speed of sound in the orifice, and it may be termed a sonic orifice.
Flow limiters are designed with the intent of reducing the cross-section area with a plate and a laser drill is used to create a small hole. The diameter of the hole will vary based on the flow rate, inlet pressure, and outlet pressure. The design can also be created with drilled orifices with threaded ends.
This pressure difference forces air through all holes and penetrations in the building enclosure. The tighter the building (e.g. fewer holes), the less air is needed from the blower door fan to create a change in building pressure. Typically, only depressurization testing is performed, but both depressurization and pressurization are preferable.