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Bake the calzones in the upper and lower thirds of the oven for 12 to 14 minutes, shifting the pans from top to bottom and front to back halfway through baking, until golden and puffed.
Cooks estimated the temperature of an oven by counting the number of minutes it took to turn a piece of white paper golden brown, or counting the number of seconds one could hold one's hand in the oven. [3] Another method was to put a layer of flour or a piece of white tissue paper on a pan in the oven for five minutes.
Gel temperature can also be modified by genetic manipulation of starch synthase genes. [4] Gelatinization temperature also depends on the amount of damaged starch granules; these will swell faster. Damaged starch can be produced, for example, during the wheat milling process, or when drying the starch cake in a starch plant. [5]
Corn flour or flour thickens at 100 °C (212 °F) and as such many recipes instruct the pastry cream to be boiled. In a traditional custard such as a crème anglaise, where eggs are used alone as a thickener, boiling results in the over-cooking and subsequent curdling of the custard; however, in a pastry cream, starch prevents this. Once cooled ...
Baking powders also include components to improve their stability and consistency. Cornstarch, flour, or potato starch are often used as buffers. [5] [6] An inert starch serves several functions in baking powder. Primarily it is used to absorb moisture, and so prolong shelf life of the compound by keeping the powder's alkaline and acidic ...
Calzone [a] [1] is an Italian oven-baked turnover, made with leavened dough. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It originated in Naples in the 18th century. [ 4 ] A typical calzone is made from salted bread dough, baked in an oven and stuffed with prosciutto or salami , mozzarella or ricotta , and Parmesan or pecorino , as well as an egg . [ 4 ]
Fermentation typically begins when viable baker's yeast or a starter culture is added to flour and water. Enzymes in the flour and yeast create sugars, which are consumed by the yeast, which in turn produce carbon dioxide and alcohol. Specifically, the grain enzyme diastase begins to convert starch in the grain to maltose.
Glucose syrup on a black surface. Glucose syrup, also known as confectioner's glucose, is a syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch. Glucose is a sugar. Maize (corn) is commonly used as the source of the starch in the US, in which case the syrup is called "corn syrup", but glucose syrup is also made from potatoes and wheat, and less often from barley, rice and cassava.